1457 - 1509 (52 years)
-
Name |
Henry VII Tudor |
Suffix |
King of England |
Born |
28 Jan 1457 |
Pembroke Castle, Wales |
Gender |
Male |
Acceded |
30 Oct 1485 |
Westminster Abbey, London, England |
_FSFTID |
9CND-QGL |
_FSLINK |
https://familysearch.org/tree/#view=ancestor&person=9CND-QGL |
Died |
21 Apr 1509 |
Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England |
Buried |
Henry 7 Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London, England |
Notes |
- Burke says he died 1 April 1509 and was born 26 July 1455.
http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/cssbct/cgi-bin/gedlkup.php/n=royal?royal00773
Henry VII 1457 to1509, king of England (1485 to 1509) and founder of the T udor dynasty.
Henry VII of England
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Henry VII, Henry Tudor (January 28, 1457-April 21, 1509), King of Englan d, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485-April 21, 1509), was the founder of t he Tudor dynasty and is generally acknowledged as one of England's most su ccessful kings.
Henry VII
King of England, Lord of Ireland Henry Tudor was the posthumous son of Edmund Tudor, a half-brother of King Henry VI of England. His mother was Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of King Edward III through John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford. From his father, he inherited the title Earl of Richmond; from his mother, his questionable claim to the throne of England. He was born in Pembroke, Wales, but grew up in exile in Brittany, having fled from the Yorkist kings of England. As an individual with some claim to the throne (even a very weak one), he knew the Yorkist monarchs would want him dead.
After the failure of the revolt of his cousin, the Duke of Buckingham, Henry VII became the leading Lancastrian contender for the throne of England. Having gained the support of the in-laws of the late Yorkist King Edward IV, he landed with a force in Wales and marched into England, accompanied by his uncle, Jasper Tudor, a military mastermind. Wales had traditionally been a Yorkist stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his ancestry, being directly descended, through his father, from the Lord Rhys. He amassed an army of around 5000 soldiers and travelled north.
There his Lancastrian forces decisively defeated the Yorkists under Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 when several of Richard's key allies switched sides or deserted the field of battle. This battle effectively ended the long-running Wars of the Roses between the two houses. Henry's claim to the throne was tenuous and based upon a lineage of illegit imate succession. However, this was no barrier to the throne, since, in the absence of an Act of Succession, in practice Parliament had the ability to award the crown to whomever it pleased (technically, the Council of Accession awarded the Crown - and still does so to this day, though now under direction). Henry won it by conquest.
The first of Henry's concerns on attaining the monarchy was the questi on of establishing the strength and supremacy of his rule. There were few other claimants to the throne left alive after the long and bloody civil war, so his main worry was pretenders such as Perkin Warbeck, who were backed by disaffected nobles. Henry succeeded in securing his crown by a number of means but principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility.
Henry's first action was to declare himself king as-of the day before the battle, thus ensuring that anyone who had fought against him would, technically, be guilty of treason. It is interesting to note, therefore, that he spared Richard's designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. He would have cause to regret his leniency two years later, when Lincoln rebelled and attempted to set a boy pretender, Lambert Simnel, on the throne in Henry's place. Lincoln was killed at the Battle of Stoke, but Simnel's life was spared and he became a royal servant.
Simnel had been put forward as "Edward VI", impersonating the young Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence, who was still imprisoned in the Tower of London. Henry had shown uncharacteristic leniency in dealing with Edward and did not find a pretext for executing him until he had grown into adulthood, in 1499. Edward's elder sister, Margaret Pole, who had the next best claim on the throne, inherited her father's earldom of Salisbury and survived well into the next reign.
Another method Henry used to secure his throne was to carry out his promise to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter and heir of King Edward IV. This unified the warring houses, and gave him a greater claim to the throne due to Elizabeth's line of descent (though there is evidence that Edward was born illegitimate).
Henry's and Elizabeth's children include:
Arthur, Prince of Wales (September 20, 1486-April 2, 1502).
Margaret Tudor (November 28, 1489 - October 18, 1541).
Henry VIII of England (June 28, 1491 - January 28, 1547).
Elizabeth Tudor (July 2, 1492 - September 14, 1495).
Mary Tudor (March 18, 1496 - June 25, 1533).
Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset (February 21, 1499 - June 19, 1500).
Katherine Tudor (February 2, 1503 - February 2, 1503).
Henry was a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer (Edward IV's treasury had been emptied by his wife's Woodville relations after his death and before the accession of Richa rd III) by introducing efficient mechanisms of taxation. In this he was supported by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" ( those who had previously paid little could therefore afford to pay more, those who had paid much before could afford to pay yet more) was a catch- 22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes. Royal government was also reformed with the introduction of the King's Council that kept the nobility in check.
Henry's policy was both to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Up to a point, he succeeded in both. He was not a military man, and had no interest in trying to regain the French territories lost during the reigns of his predecessors; he was therefore only too ready to conclude a treaty with France that both directly and indirectly brought money in to the coffers of England. He had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his career as a pretender prior to his ascending to the throne of England. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidized shipbuilding, thus strengthening the navy and improving trading opportunities. By the time of his death, he had amassed a personal fortune of a million and a half pounds; it did not take his son as long to fritter it away as it had taken the father to acquire it.
As well as coming to terms with the French, Henry forged alliances with Spain -- by marrying his son, Arthur Tudor, to Catherine of Aragon; with Scotland -- by marrying his daughter, Margaret, to King James IV of Scotland; and with Germany, under the emperor Maximilian I.
In 1502, fate dealt Henry a double blow from which he never fully recovere d: His heir, the recently-married Arthur, died in an epidemic at Ludlow Castle and was followed only a few months later by Henry's queen, in childbirth. Not wishing the negotiations that had led to the marriage of his elder son to Catherine of Aragon to go to waste, he arranged a dispensation for his younger son to marry his brother's widow -- normally a degree of relationship that precluded marriage in the Roman Catholic Church. Henry obtained a dispensation from Pope Julius II but had second thoughts about the value of the marriage and did not allow it to take place during his lifetime. Although he made half-hearted plans to re-marry and beget more heir s, these never came to anything. On his death in 1509, he was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII.
Henry's elder daughter Margaret was married first to James IV of Scotland, and their son became James V of Scotland, whose daughter became Mary Queen of Scots. By means of this marriage, Henry hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Margaret Tudor's second marriage was to Archibald Douglas; their grandson, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley married Mary Queen of Scots. Their son, James VI of Scotland, inherited the throne of England as James I after the death of Elizabeth I. Henry VII's other surviving daughter, Mary, married first King Louis XII of France and then, when he died of too much honeymooning, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Their daughter Frances married Henry Grey, and her children included Lady Jane Grey, in whose name her parents and in-laws tried to seize the throne after Edward VI of England died.
King Henry VII is buried at Westminster Abbey.
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/aboutHenryVII.htm
|
Person ID |
I2134 |
Glenn Cook Family |
Last Modified |
26 Jan 2015 |
Father |
Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, b. 1430, d. 3 Nov 1456, Carmarthen Castle, Wales (Age 26 years) |
Mother |
Margaret of Richmond Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Countess of Derby, b. 31 May 1443, Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire, England , d. 29 Jun 1509, Abbot's House, Cheyney Gates, Westminster, England (Age 66 years) |
Married |
1 Nov 1455 |
Family ID |
F433 |
Group Sheet |
Family |
Elizabeth of York Plantagenet, Queen of England, b. 11 Feb 1465, Westminster Palace, London, England , d. 11 Feb 1502, Tower of London, London, England (Age 37 years) |
Married |
18 Jan 1486 |
Westminster Abbey, London, England |
Children |
| 1. Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, b. 20 Sep 1486, St. Swithin's Priory, Winchester, England , d. 2 Apr 1502, Ludlow Castle, Shropshire (Age 15 years) |
| 2. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland, b. 28 Nov 1489, Westminster Palace, London, England , d. 18 Oct 1541, Methven Castle, Perthshire, Scotland (Age 51 years) |
| 3. Henry VIII Tudor, King of England, b. 28 Jun 1491, Greenwich Palace, Kent, England , d. 28 Jan 1547, Whitehall Palace, London, England (Age 55 years) |
| 4. Mary Tudor, Queen of France, Duches Suffolk, b. 18 Mar 1496, Richmond Palace, Surrey, England , d. 25 Jun 1533, Westhorpe Hall, Suffolk, England (Age 37 years) |
| 5. Elizabeth Tudor, b. 2 Jul 1492, d. 14 Sep 1495, Eltham Palace, Kent, England (Age 3 years) |
| 6. Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset, b. 21 Feb 1499, Greenwich Palace, London, England , d. 19 Jun 1500, Bishop's Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England (Age 1 years) |
| 7. Edward Tudor, d. Young |
| 8. Katherine Tudor, b. 2 Feb 1503, Tower of London, London, England , d. 18 Feb 1503, Tower of London, London, England (Age 0 years) |
|
Last Modified |
30 Nov 2006 |
Family ID |
F1154 |
Group Sheet |
-
-
Sources |
- [S36] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science, University of Hull, England([email protected]), (This work is Copyright b 1994-2002 Brian C Tompsett).
|
|
|